# Audio

Ren'Py supports playing music and sound effects in the background, using the following audio file formats

- Opus
- Ogg Vorbis
- MP3
- WAV (uncompressed PCM only)

Ren'Py supports an arbitrary number of audio channels. There are three normal channels defined by default:

- `music` - A channel for music playback.
- `sound` - A channel for sound effects.
- `voice` - A channel for voice.

Normal channels support playing and queueing audio, but only play back one audio file at a time. New normal channels can be registered with `renpy.music.register_channel()`.

The Music Volume, Sound Volume, and Voice Volume settings of the in-game preferences menu are used to set individual volumes for these channels.

In addition to the normal channel, there is one special channel, `audio`. The audio channel supports playing back multiple audio files at one time, but does not support queueing sound or stopping playback.

Sounds can also be set to play when buttons, menu choices, or imagemaps enter their hovered or activated states. See Button Style Properties. Two configuration variables, `config.main_menu_music` and `config.game_menu_music` allow for the given music files to be played as the main and game menu music, respectively.

In-game, the usual way to play music and sound in Ren'Py is using the three music/sound statements.

## Play Statement

The `play` statement is used to play sound and music. If a file is currently playing on a normal channel, it is interrupted and replaced with the new file.

The name of a channel is expected following the keyword `play`. (Usually, this is either "sound", "music", "voice", or "audio"). This is followed by audiofile(s), where audiofile(s) can be one file or list of files. When the list is given, the item of it is played in order.

The `fadein` and `fadeout` clauses are optional. Fadeout gives the fadeout time for currently playing music, in seconds, while fadein gives the time it takes to fade in the new music. If fadeout is not given, `config.fade_music` is used.

The `loop` and `noloop` clauses are also optional. The loop clause causes the music to loop, while noloop causes it to play only once. If neither of them are given, the default of the channel is used.

    play music "mozart.ogg"
    play sound "woof.mp3"
    play myChannel "punch.wav" # 'myChannel' needs to be defined with renpy.music.register_channel().

    "We can also play a list of sounds, or music."
    play music [ "a.ogg", "b.ogg" ] fadeout 1.0 fadein 1.0

On the audio channel, multiple play statements play multiple sounds at the same time:

    play audio "sfx1.opus"
    play audio "sfx2.opus"

## Stop Statement

The `stop` statement begins with the keyword `stop`, followed by the the name of a channel to stop sound on. It may optionally have a `fadeout` clause.

    stop sound
    stop music fadeout 1.0

## Queue Statement

The `queue` statement is used to queue up audio files. They will be played when the channel finishes playing the currently playing file.

The queue statement begins with keyword `queue`, followed by the the name of a channel to play sound on. It optionally takes the `loop` and `noloop` clauses.

    queue sound "woof.ogg"
    queue music [ "a.ogg", "b.ogg" ]

The advantage of using these statements is that your program will be checked for missing sound and music files when lint is run. The functions below exist to allow access to allow music and sound to be controlled from Python, and to expose advanced (rarely used) features.

## Partial Playback

Ren'Py supports partial of audio files. This is done by putting a playback specification, enclosed in angle brackets, at the start of the file. The partial playback specification should consist of alternating property name and value pairs, with every thing separated by spaces.

The values are always interpreted as seconds from the start of the file. The three properties are:

`from`
  Specifies the position in the file at which the first play-through begins playing. (This defaults to 0.0 seconds.)
`to`
  Specifies the position in the file at which the file ends playing. (This defaults to the full duration of the file.)
`loop`
  Specifies the position in the file at which the second and later play-throughs begin playing. (This defaults to the start time given by `from` if specified, or to the start of the file.)

For example:

    play music "<from 5 to 15.5>waves.opus"

will play 10.5 seconds of waves.opus, starting at the 5 second mark. The statement:

    play music "<loop 6.333>song.opus"

will play song.opus all the way through once, then loop back to the 6.333 second mark before playing it again all the way through to the end.

## Playing Silence

A specified duration of silence can played using a filename like "<silence 3.0>", where 3.0 is the number of seconds of silence that is desired. This can be used to delay the start of a sound file. For example:

    play audio [ "<silence .5>", "boom.opus" ]

Will play silence for half a second, and then an explosion sound.

## Audio Namespace

The `play` and `queue` statements evaluate their arguments in the audio namespace. This means it is possible to use the define statement to provide an alias for an audio file.

For example, one can write:

    define audio.sunflower = "music/sun-flower-slow-jam.ogg"

and then use:

    play music sunflower

Ren'Py will also automatically place sound files in the audio name face, if found in the `game/audio` directory. Files in this directory with a supported extension (currently, .wav, .mp2, .mp3, .ogg, and .opus) have the extension stripped, the rest of the filename forced to lower case, and are placed into the audio namespace.

Note that just because a file is placed into the audio namespace, that doesn't mean it can be used. So while you could play a file named "opening_song.ogg" by writing:

    play music opening_song

Some filenames can't be accessed this way, as their names are not expressable as Python variables. For example, "my song.mp3", "8track.opus", and "this-is-a-song.ogg" won't work.

## Functions

`AudioData`(data, filename)

  This class wraps a bytes object containing audio data, so it can be passed to the audio playback system. The audio data should be contained in some format Ren'Py supports. (For examples RIFF WAV format headers, not unadorned samples.)

  data
    A bytes object containing the audio file data.
  filename
    A synthetic filename associated with this data. It can be used to suggest the format data is in, and is reported as part of error messages.

  Once created, this can be used wherever an audio filename is allowed. For example:

      define audio.easteregg = AudioData(b'...', 'sample.wav')
      play sound easteregg

`renpy.``play`(filename, channel=None, **kwargs)

  Plays a sound effect. If channel is None, it defaults to `config.play_channel`. This is used to play sounds defined in styles, `hover_sound` and `activate_sound`.

`renpy.``seen_audio`(filename)

  Returns True if the given filename has been played at least once on the current user's system.

`renpy.music.``get_duration`(channel='music')

  Returns the duration of the audio or video file on channel. Returns 0.0 if no file is playing on channel.

`renpy.music.``get_pause`(channel='music')

  Returns the pause flag for channel.

`renpy.music.``get_playing`(channel='music')

  If the given channel is playing, returns the playing file name. Otherwise, returns None.

`renpy.music.``get_pos`(channel='music')

  Returns the current position of the audio or video file on channel, in seconds. Returns None if no audio is playing on channel.

  As this may return None before a channel starts playing, or if the audio channel involved has been muted, callers of this function should always handle a None value.

`renpy.music.``is_playing`(channel='music')

  Returns True if the channel is currently playing a sound, False if it is not, or if the sound system isn't working.

`renpy.music.``play`(filenames, channel='music', loop=None, fadeout=None, synchro_start=False, fadein=0, tight=None, if_changed=False)

  This stops the music currently playing on the numbered channel, dequeues any queued music, and begins playing the specified file or files.

  filenames
    This may be a single file, or a list of files to be played.
  channel
    The channel to play the sound on.
  loop
    If this is True, the tracks will loop while they are the last thing in the queue.
  fadeout
    If not None, this is a time in seconds to fade for. Otherwise the fadeout time is taken from config.fade_music.
  synchro_start
    Ren'Py will ensure that all channels of with synchro_start set to true will start playing at exactly the same time. Synchro_start should be true when playing two audio files that are meant to be synchronized with each other.
  fadein
    This is the number of seconds to fade the music in for, on the first loop only.
  tight
    If this is True, then fadeouts will span into the next-queued sound. If None, this is true when loop is True, and false otherwise.
  if_changed
    If this is True, and the music file is currently playing, then it will not be stopped/faded out and faded back in again, but instead will be kept playing. (This will always queue up an additional loop of the music.)

  This clears the pause flag for channel.

`renpy.music.``queue`(filenames, channel='music', loop=None, clear_queue=True, fadein=0, tight=None)

  This queues the given filenames on the specified channel.

  filenames
    This may be a single file, or a list of files to be played.
  channel
    The channel to play the sound on.
  loop
    If this is True, the tracks will loop while they are the last thing in the queue.
  clear_queue
    If True, then the queue is cleared, making these files the files that are played when the currently playing file finishes. If it is False, then these files are placed at the back of the queue. In either case, if no music is playing these files begin playing immediately.
  fadein
    This is the number of seconds to fade the music in for, on the first loop only.
  tight
    If this is True, then fadeouts will span into the next-queued sound. If None, this is true when loop is True, and false otherwise.

  This clears the pause flag for channel.

`renpy.music.``register_channel`(name, mixer=None, loop=None, stop_on_mute=True, tight=False, file_prefix='', file_suffix='', buffer_queue=True, movie=False, framedrop=True)

  This registers a new audio channel named name. Audio can then be played on the channel by supplying the channel name to the play or queue statements.

  mixer
    The name of the mixer the channel uses. By default, Ren'Py knows about the "music", "sfx", and "voice" mixers. Using other names is possible, but may require changing the preferences screens.
  loop
    If true, sounds on this channel loop by default.
  stop_on_mute
    If true, music on the channel is stopped when the channel is muted.
  tight
    If true, sounds will loop even when fadeout is occurring. This should be set to True for a sound effects or seamless music channel, and False if the music fades out on its own.
  file_prefix
    A prefix that is prepended to the filenames of the sound files being played on this channel.
  file_suffix
    A suffix that is appended to the filenames of the sound files being played on this channel.
  buffer_queue
    Should we buffer the first second or so of a queued file? This should be True for audio, and False for movie playback.
  movie
    If true, this channel will be set up to play back videos.
  framedrop
    This controls what a video does when lagging. If true, frames will be dropped to keep up with realtime and the soundtrack. If false, Ren'Py will display frames late rather than dropping them.

`renpy.music.``set_pan`(pan, delay, channel='music')

  Sets the pan of this channel.

  pan
    A number between -1 and 1 that control the placement of the audio. If this is -1, then all audio is sent to the left channel. If it's 0, then the two channels are equally balanced. If it's 1, then all audio is sent to the right ear.
  delay
    The amount of time it takes for the panning to occur.
  channel
    The channel the panning takes place on. This can be a sound or a music channel. Often, this is channel 7, the default music channel.

`renpy.music.``set_pause`(value, channel='music')

  Sets the pause flag for channel to value. If True, the channel will pause, otherwise it will play normally.

`renpy.music.``set_queue_empty_callback`(callback, channel='music')

  This sets a callback that is called when the queue is empty. This callback is called when the queue first becomes empty, and at least once per interaction while the queue is empty.

  The callback is called with no parameters. It can queue sounds by calling renpy.music.queue with the appropriate arguments. Please note that the callback may be called while a sound is playing, as long as a queue slot is empty.

`renpy.music.``set_volume`(volume, delay=0, channel='music')

  Sets the volume of this channel, as a fraction of the volume of the mixer controlling the channel.

  volume
    This is a number between 0.0 and 1.0, and is interpreted as a fraction of the mixer volume for the channel.
  delay
    It takes delay seconds to change/fade the volume from the old to the new value. This value is persisted into saves, and participates in rollback.
  channel
    The channel to be set

`renpy.music.``stop`(channel='music', fadeout=None)

  This stops the music that is currently playing, and dequeues all queued music. If fadeout is None, the music is faded out for the time given in config.fade_music, otherwise it is faded for fadeout seconds.

  This sets the last queued file to None.

  channel
    The channel to stop the sound on.
  fadeout
    If not None, this is a time in seconds to fade for. Otherwise the fadeout time is taken from config.fade_music.

## Sound Functions

Most `renpy.music` functions have aliases in `renpy.sound`. These functions are similar, except they default to the sound channel rather than the music channel, and default to not looping.